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15 formulae on file
In 1937 the largest aircraft ever to fly, with its sister ship, crossed the Atlantic with a dining room, a promenade, and a smoking lounge. It had been planned around helium, the gas that lifts and cannot burn. It flew on hydrogen.
In November 1988 a graduate student wrote a program to answer a simple question: how big is this internet we have built? It stole nothing. It deleted nothing. Its entire purpose was to exist, spread, and count.
On 23 September 1999, a NASA orbiter arrived at Mars after nine months and 400 million miles. Nothing aboard it was broken. Everything worked. It fired its engine on schedule, behaved impeccably — and passed behind the planet forty-nine seconds early.
Between 1985 and 1987, a machine built to treat cancer delivered massive radiation overdoses to six patients across North America. Three of them died.
In the summer of 1978, the engineer who designed a brand-new Manhattan skyscraper sat down to do a piece of arithmetic nobody had asked him to do. The building was finished. It was occupied. And the answer said it could be brought down by a storm New York could expect roughly every sixteen years.
In 1990 NASA launched the finest telescope ever built, and it came back blurred. Its mirror had been polished more precisely than any large mirror in history — to the wrong shape, too flat at the edge by about two microns, one-fiftieth the width of a human hair.
On 1 August 2012, two hundred and twelve ordinary customer orders arrived at Knight Capital. Forty-five minutes later the firm had made four million trades and lost roughly ten million dollars a minute.
In the autumn of 1994, a mathematics professor in Lynchburg, Virginia spent four months convinced he had made a mistake. He had checked his equations. He had rewritten his program. He had even found a genuine bug in his compiler — and it turned out to be innocent.
On 4 June 1996, Europe's brand-new Ariane 5 rocket lifted off from Kourou carrying four scientific satellites and ten years of work. Thirty seconds later it tore itself apart over a mangrove swamp.
On August 14, 2003, fifty million people from Detroit to New York City lost power in the largest blackout in North American history. There was no bomb. No attack. No mastermind. Just a hot afternoon, a few untrimmed trees, and a control-room alarm that quietly stopped ringing — and never told anyone it had.
